Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Kupu

Ko te mōhiotanga kupu te mārama ki ngā kupu me te āhua o te whakamahia o aua kupu i ngā horopaki tika. I te Tūātupu 1, ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te aroā weteoro ki ngā oro reo Pākehā e rerekē ana i ō te reo Māori. Ka tautoko te mōhio o te mokopuna ki te kupu i tana whakarongo, i tana kōrero, i tana pānui, me tana tuhituhi mā te hāpai i te mokopuna kia tika tana mārama ki ngā whakaaro i te reo Pākehā, kia tika hoki tana whakapuaki i aua whakaaro ki te reo Pākehā.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te puna kupu

• ki ngā kupu me te reo e whāiti ana, ki ngā kupu me te reo e hāngai ana hoki ki tētahi kaupapa, ka whakamahia e tētahi rōpū whāiti (hei tauira, ngā ākonga o te pūtaiao)
• ki ngā kupu huarite, pēnei i ēnei:
  • their, there
  • to, too, two
  • hair, here, hare
• ki ngā rautaki e kimi māramatanga ai ia i ngā kupu (hei tauira, te whakapae i te horopaki, te wāwāhi i te kupu ki ōna wāhanga).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki ngā kupu huhua e whāiti ana ki ngā kaupapa me te tika o taua mōhio; ki te whakamahi tika hoki i aua kupu
• ki te whakatau i te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kupu huarite
• ki te whakamahi i ngā rautaki huhua e whiria ai te tikanga o ngā kupu ka rangona, ka pānuitia hoki
• ki te wehewehe i ngā kupu e maha ana ngā tikanga (hei tauira, will, bat, park, nail).

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Wetereo

E hāngai ana te mōhiotanga wetereo (tae atu ki te tātaikupu me ngā momo kupu) ki te whai māramatanga ki te takoto o te reo Pākehā. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga e mārama ai, e kaha ai hoki te mokopuna ki te whakaputa i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero whai tikanga.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te tātaikupu

• ki ngā ture mō te whakamahi kupu (hei tauira, te whakamahinga o te ‘more’, o te ‘less’ rānei i te taha o ngā tūāhua whakatairite, pēnei i te 'better', me te 'worse')
• ki te whānuitanga o ngā momo rerenga kōrero (hei tauira, ngā reremāmā, ngā rerepūhui, ngā reretuatini)
• ki ngā rerehāngū (hei tauira, 'The cake was baked by Hēmi', 'Invitations will be sent out tomorrow', 'The homework will be marked by the teacher').

Ngā momo kupu

• ki ngā tūingoa:
  • ngā tūingoa tōpū (hei tauira, team, family, class, audience)
  • ngā tūingoa tūrehurehu (hei tauira, happiness, courage, love, anger)
  • ngā tūingoa pūhui (hei tauira, toothbrush, mother-in-law, ice cream)
• ki ngā tūpou:
  • ngā tūpou tūhono (hei tauira, who, whom, which, whose, that)
  • ngā tūpou tautuhi (hei tauira, this, that, these, those)
• ki ngā tūmahi:
  • ngā tūmahi tautoko (hei tauira, am, is, are, being, had, did)
  • ngā wāmahi (te wā heke, te wā tū, te wā hipa, te wā rūpeke, te wā motukore)
  • ngā tūmahi waiaro, e tohu ana i te putanga pea rānei, i te kaha rānei, i te here rānei (hei tauira, can, could, will, must, may, might, shall, should, ought to)
• ki ngā tūāhua:
  • ngā tūāhua whakatairite me ngā tūāhua inati
  • ngā tūāhua e tika ana hei whakaahua i ētahi tūingoa whāiti
• ki ngā tūkē:
  • ngā tūkē āhua (hei tauira, quickly, carefully, loudly)
  • ngā tūkē wā (hei tauira, now, later, soon)
  • ngā tūkē wāhi (hei tauira, here, there, upstairs)
  • ngā tūkē taumata (hei tauira, very, quite, too)
  • ngā tūkē auau (hei tauira, always, usually, often)
  • ngā momo tūkē hei whakatairite (hei tauira, fast, faster, fastest)
  • ngā tūkē e whakaahua ana i ētahi tūmahi whāiti (hei tauira, kia 'quickly', kia 'slowly' rānei te oma; kia 'clearly', kia 'softly', kia 'loudly' te kōrero; kia 'hard', kia 'quickly', kia 'quietly te mahi')
• ki ngā pūhono:
  • ngā pūhono noa (hei tauira, at, on, in, into, under)
  • ngā pūhono tuatini (hei tauira, according to, out of, due to, because of)
  • ngā kīanga pūhono (hei tauira, on the table, under the bridge, in the morning, by the teacher).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki ētahi momo rerenga kōrero, ki te whakamahi tika hoki i ētahi momo rerenga kōrero i ana tuhinga
• ki te whakamahi tika i ngā tūāhua me ngā tūkē i ngā kōrero ā-waha me ngā tuhinga
• kia rite tonu te tika o tana whakamahi i te wāmahi i tana tuhinga
• ki te aroturuki i a ia anō e tika ai te kōrero ā-waha.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Tikanga Tuhi

Ko te mōhiotanga tikanga tuhi, ko te whai māramatanga ki te takoto ā-tuhi o tētahi reo, tae atu ki te mōhio ki te arapū, ki te tuhi ā-ringa, ki te tātaki kupu, me ngā kārawarawa. Ka āwhina tēnei i te mokopuna ki te pānui me te tuhi i te reo kia tika, kia matatau hoki.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te tātaki kupu

• ki ngā momo tātakinga kupu e rerekē ana (hei tauira, ngā pū kāore e whakahuatia, ngā tauira o te tātaki e rerekē ana)
• ki ngā tātakinga kupu e tuatini ake ana (hei tauira, conscious, occasionally, weird)
• ki ngā kukunga (hei tauira, 'who’s' me te 'whose', te 'we’re' me te 'were', te 'they’re' me te 'their', te 'you’re' me te 'your', te 'it’s' me te 'its').

Ngā kārawarawa

• ka āwhina te kārawarawa i te aroā
• ki ngā kārawarawa, tae atu ki te tohuoho, ki te kopirua, ki te tohuwhai, ki te taiapa, me te pakini
• ki ngā ture kārawarawa (hei tauira, whakamahia te pakini i ngā kukunga e whai ana i te ‘s’ hei tohu i te pānga, whakamahia te piko hei whakawehe i ngā tūemi i tētahi rārangi).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whai i ngā tikanga me ngā ture o ngā momo tuhi, kia rite tonu ai te mārama o te tuhinga
• ki te whakamahi i ētahi rautaki whāiti hei tautoko i tana ngana ki te tātaki i ngā kupu kāore i te mōhiotia (hei tauira, ngā nuka whakamahara, te pūmahara ataata)
• ki te whakamahi tika i ētahi atu tikanga kārawarawa e tuatini ake ana (hei tauira, te kopipiko, te kopirua, te pakini, te tohuwhai, te taiapa, te tohukī).

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Tikanga Reo

Ko te mōhiotanga tikanga reo, ko te whai māramatanga ki ngā kupu me te āhua o te noho tahi a ngā kupu i te horopaki. Mā reira e whai māramatanga ai te mokopuna ki tāna e kite ai, e rongo ai, e pānui ai, mā tēnei hoki e kaha ai tana whakapuaki i ana whakaaro kia mārama, ka tuhi ana, ka kōrero ana, ka whakaatu ana hoki ia.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna: 

Te reo torohū

• ki ngā rautaki aroā, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hei whakatau i ngā wāhanga e rehurehu ana i ngā kīanga me ngā huatau, hei kimi hoki i ngā tikanga mō ngā kupu kāore i te mōhiotia
  • te whakamatara i ngā pātai e tika ai te whakautu
  • te kōrero anō, te whakapuaki anō rānei ki kupu kē e tika ai te māramatanga
  • te tautohu i te rītaha, i ngā arotoka, me ngā whakatau e whānui rawa ana
  • te hihira i ētahi atu mātāpuna e ū ai te pono o ngā pārongo.

Te reo whakaputa

• whakamahi ai ngā kaituhi me ngā kaikōrero e kounga ana i ngā rautaki huhua hei whakamārama āhuatanga, hei whakawhere hoki i te hunga pānui/mātaki/whakarongo, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te āpiti whakaaro (hei tauira, 'I also think that …', 'What if …', 'That’s like when …')
  • te tuku taunaki (hei tauira, 'According to …', '… also found that …', 'The data shows that …')
  • te whakatakoto tauira (hei tauira, 'For example …', 'For instance …', '... like …', 'such as …')
  • te whakatairite me te whakatauaro (hei tauira, 'This is similar to …', 'On the other hand …', 'It’s similar, but the difference is …', 'To summarise, one idea is… and the other idea is …').

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakarongo, ki te kōrero, ki te pānui, me te tuhi, i runga i te tika, i te mārama me te whakapuakanga
• ki te whakamahi i ngā rautaki kia mārama ai ki ngā kupu kāore i te mōhiotia (hei tauira, te wāwāhi i te kupu ki ōna wāhanga me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi)
• ki te whakatairite, ki te whakatauaro, me te āpiti ki ngā kaupapa e ākona ana i ngā kōrero ā-waha me ngā tuhinga
• ki te whakakaha i ētahi kupu whāiti i a ia e kōrero ana hei hāpai i te māramatanga
• ki te pānui anō e hihiratia ai te māramatanga me te tika o te kōwhiringa o ngā kupu me ngā kīanga
• ki te tātari i te pono o ngā pārongo.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Ahureo

Mā te mōhiotanga ahureo e taea ai e te mokopuna te whakarite tūhononga i waenganui i ngā reo, mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga o te reo Māori, o te reo Pākehā, o reo kē atu rānei (hei tauira, te NZSL, tētahi atu reo taketake, me te reo ā-kāinga), hei tautoko, hei whakatere hoki i tana ako i tētahi atu reo. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te whiringa hirikapo — te whakaaro ki te āhua o ngā mahi o roto i te reo me ngā ara ako e taea ai e te mokopuna ngā rautaki te āta whakamahi.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna: 

Te whakawhiti

• mā te horopaki (ngā tāngata, ngā wāhi, te kaupapa, te wā) e whakatau te tika rānei o te whakawhitiwhiti i te reo Māori, i reo kē atu rānei, me te reo Pākehā
• he mea nui te whakaūnga o te tikanga me te hā e whāia ana i te wā e whakawhiti ana ia i ngā whakaaro i tētahi kōrero reo Pākehā ki te reo Māori, ki reo kē atu rānei
• ka hāngai hoki ngā rautaki ako i tētahi atu reo ki te ako i te reo Pākehā (hei tauira, te tautohu i ngā whakaaro matua, te tūhonohono ki ōna mōhiotanga o mua, te whakapuaki anō i ngā pārongo whāiti ki kupu kē, te wāwāhi me te whakamāmā i ngā whakaaro tūrehurehu, i ngā whakaaro uaua rānei).

Te whiringa hirikapo

• mā te aroturuki ia e āwhina ki te tautohu i ngā mea hei ako tonu māna
• ki ngā painga me ngā uauatanga o te noho mātau ki te pānui me te tuhi i ngā reo e rua, hei kōrero māna ki tana whānau.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te āta whakawhiti i ngā mōhiotanga o mua ki te reo Pākehā, ki te reo Māori, ki ētahi atu reo, ki ētahi atu wāhanga ako hoki hei hāpai i ngā akoranga hou
• ki te arohaehae i tana mōhio, i ngā mea rānei kua ākona e ia i tētahi reo, e puta ai i a ia tētahi kōrero ā-waha, tētahi tuhinga rānei i tētahi atu reo (hei tauira, mā te wetewete i ngā whakaaro i tētahi kōrero reo Pākehā e pai ai tana whakawhiti, tana whakamāori rānei i aua kōrero i te reo Māori, me te ū tonu o te tikanga me te hā i whāia)
• ki te huritao i tāna i ako ai hei hāpai i ana akoranga ā haere ake
• ki te whakamahi i tana reoruatanga me tana mātau ki te pānui me te tuhi i ngā reo e rua e tipu haere ana, hei whakapai ake i tana whakawhiti kōrero.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Ariā Arohaehae

Ka āwhina te ariā arohaehae i te mokopuna kia mārama ki ngā kōrero ka tūpono atu i te ao pāpāho, i ngā kōrero, i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero hoki o ia rā. Mā reira e whanake ai te mātau reo matatini arohaehae — te māramatanga kei tua atu i ngā kupu kia wānangahia ai te take, te kōrero o roto, te pānga rānei ki tāna e kite ana, e pānui ana, e rongo ana rānei. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te kite i te rītaha, i ngā arotoka, i ngā pōhēhē hoki me te whakaaro ki ngā tirohanga ki te ahurea me ngā horopaki o te reo.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna: 

Te mātau reo matatini arohaehae

• e hono ana te wāhi me te mana o te reo Pākehā i te porihanga ki ngā horopaki ahurea whāiti (hei tauira, te kāwanatanga, te ao pakihi, ngā kōti).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te tuku pātai mō te wāhi me te mana o te reo Pākehā i te porihanga, me te āhua o tōna whakamahinga hei whakaata i te mana me ngā tūranga o ngā kiritahi me ngā rōpū.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Aropori

Ko te mōhiotanga aropori te tūāpapa o te pāhekoheko tika atu ki ētahi atu i te whānuitanga o ngā momo horopaki. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te mōhio ki ngā kōrero me puta, te āhua o te whakaputaina, tae atu ki te pānga o ērā ki ētahi atu. E mātuatua ana ēnei akoranga e tika ai te whai wāhi a te mokopuna ki tētahi hapori reo Pākehā.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Ngā ture o te kōrerorero

• ki ngā rautaki whakawhiti kōrero hei tīmata, hei whakaroa ake hoki i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te tuku ui makihoi (hei tauira, 'Isn't it great that we are all here?')
  • te aroturuki i āna anō kōrero i mua i te pōhi ki te ipurangi
  • te pātai i ētahi pātai whakaū (hei tauira, 'What happens if …', 'I was wondering …', 'How do you know …', 'Can you explain a bit more about …')
  • te whakamārama, te whakapuaki anō rānei
  • te tika o te whai wāhi atu ki ngā pahekotanga i te ipurangi
  • te whakamahi i ngā taunakitanga me te whakaaro arorau hei parahau i ngā whakaaro
  • te mahi tahi ki te whakatau i ngā take.

Te aro ki tirohanga kē

• ka whakaawe te āhua o tana whakapuaki whakaaro mā te hā, mā te kōwhiringa kupu, me te tāera, i te āhua o te whakarongohia, o te kitea rānei o tana karere e tētahi atu
• ka whai wāhi ki te whai hua o te whakawhiti kōrero te tika o te tautohu me te whakautu i ngā tīwhiri kupu-kore (hei tauira, te wā e rehurehu ana te tangata, kua kore rānei ia e hiahia ki te aro tonu ki ngā kōrero).

Ngā āheinga reo

• ki te reo e tika ana hei:
  • āpiti kōrero ki ngā whakaaro o ētahi atu (hei tauira, 'That makes me think of …', 'I liked that idea, and …')
  • parahau whakaaro (hei tauira, 'According to …', 'I think that because …', 'From my experience …', 'The evidence shows …')
  • whakawhere (hei tauira, 'Everyone knows that …', 'It’s obvious that …', 'Don’t you think that …', 'Can you see how …')
  • whiriwhiri whakaaro hei whakatau i ngā raru (hei tauira, 'If I … then we can …', 'How about we …', 'What if we try to …', 'What if we …', 'I can do … so …').

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakahāngai i tana reo hei whakanui i ngā pānga pai, hei whakaheke hoki i ngā pānga kino
• ki te whakamahi i te momo reo e tika ana i ngā horopaki huhua
• ki te whakaū i te rere o te kōrero (hei tauira, te āpiti kōrero ki ngā whakaaro o ētahi atu, te whakamārama i ngā whakaaro, te tuku pātai)
• ki ngā mea e tika ana me ngā mea kāore e tika ana i ngā pahekotanga i te ipurangi
• ki ngā tīwhiri kupu-kore, ki te whakamahi hoki i aua tīwhiri
• ki te whakamahi i te taunaki me te whakaaro arorau e mārama ai ia ki ngā whakaaro, hei parahau hoki i ngā whakaaro
• ki te whakatau i te ara pai katoa ki te tuku i tētahi whakaaro me tētahi tirohanga.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Kōrero Ā-waha, Ā-tuhi

Ko te mōhiotanga kōrero ā-waha, ā-tuhi te māramatanga ki te āhua o te takoto o ngā kōrero, ki te whakamahinga hoki o aua kōrero mō ngā momo take, i mua i ngā momo minenga, e puta ai hoki ngā momo pānga. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te mōhio ki te pūtake o te kōrero, ki te takoto o te kōrero, ki te momo kōrero hoki.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te pūtake o te kōrero

• waihangahia ai ngā kōrero mō ngā take huhua, pēnei i ēnei:
  • hei whakaahua (hei tauira, he paki mō tētahi kiripuaki, he maumaharatanga)
  • hei whakawhere (hei tauira, ngā whakatairanga, ngā tohe, ngā whakaaro o tētahi mō tētahi kaupapa, ngā arotakenga)
  • hei whakamārama (hei tauira, ngā whakamārama pūtaiao)
  • hei whakangahau (hei tauira, ngā paki, ngā pūrākau, ngā ruri, ngā kōrero whaiaro, ngā kōrero whakakata).

Te takoto o te kōrero

• ki te whakarite (te takoto me te hanga), ki te whakamāori, me te whakaatu i ngā kōrero auaha e tuatini haere ana (hei tauira, he kōrero ā-tuhi, he rangitaki, he atataki, he kōrero ataata)
• ki ngā rautaki tuhituhi, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te tūhono me te whakarite i ngā whakaaro e mārama ai ki te tangata
  • te whakamahi i tētahi kuputaka, i tētahi rārangi upoko, me ngā tohutoro hei ārahi i tā te kaipānui titiro i te tuhinga
• ki te tū ki te kōrero — te whakamahere, te tuhi, me te whakaatu.

Te momo kōrero

• ki ngā huānga e pātahi ana, puta i ngā momo kōrero (hei tauira, te kōwhiringa kupu, ngā tikanga mō te tāera, te hanga, te tūmomo)
• ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā momo kōrero tuatini i waihangahia ai mō tētahi take whāiti (hei tauira, te arotake, te pūrongo, te reta ōkawa, ngā arapāho rongo kōrero, ngā kōrero whakawhere).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakatakoto i ana kōrero, i tōna kotahi, mō tētahi take whāiti, pēnei i ēnei:
  • hei whakamahere, hei whakapuaki hoki i tētahi kōrero ā-waha
  • hei whakaahua, hei whakamārama hoki i tētahi kaupapa
  • hei whakawhere, hei tāpae rānei i tētahi tirohanga
• ki te whakarite, ki te pānui, me te whakaatu i ngā kōrero auaha, ka mutu, kei te pakari haere tana tūhake ki te mahi i aua mahi
• ki te kōwhiri i te momo kōrero e tika ana mō tētahi take whāiti (hei tauira, hei arotake, hei pūrongo rānei).

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Mātākōrero

Mā te mōhiotanga mātākōrero e kaha ai te mokopuna ki te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga reo e puta ai te auahatanga, e hōhonu ake ai hoki te whakawhitinga kōrero. I te wāhanga ako o Te Reo Pākehā, ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te whai māramatanga ki ngā hanga kōrero ahurea me ngā huānga e tārai nei i ngā pūrākau (te huānga taki), pēnei i ngā kiripuaki, i te takiwā, i te tāhū, me te wairua o te kōrero.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Ngā hanga kōrero ahurea

• me whakaū te whakamāoritanga anō o ngā kōrero ahurea (hei tauira, ngā waiata, ngā mōteatea, ngā whakapapa, ngā pūrākau) ki te reo Pākehā i te motuhēhē ahurea.

Ngā huānga taki

• ka whai wāhi ki te waihanganga o ngā kiripuaki te whakaahua i ōna whakaaro, i ōna whakaawenga, me ōna hononga
• ko tā te tāhū he whakamārama i ngā mahi ka puta i te paki, ā, mā reira hoki e kōkiri ai te paki
• ka taea te whakaahua ngā takiwā i runga i ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te tāpua ā-ahurea o aua āhuatanga.

Ngā āhuatanga reo

• ko tā ngā āhuatanga reo kua kōwhiria kia hāngai ai ki te horopaki me te minenga, he whakapai ake i te whai hua o te whakawhitinga kōrero
• ka whai wāhi ki ngā āhuatanga whāiti o te reo Pākehā e ōkawa ana, e ōpaki ana hoki, ko ēnei:
  • ngā tapanga (hei tauira, 'Mr', 'Dr', 'Mrs')
  • ngā tūmahi waiaro (hei tauira, 'would', 'could')
  • te kōwhiringa kupu (hei tauira, ko te 'require' ko te 'need' rānei, ko te 'assist' ko te 'help' rānei, ko te 'exhibit' ko te 'show' rānei)
• whakamahia ai ngā āhuatanga o te kōrero hei whakaputa i ētahi pānga, hei whakatō rānei i tētahi whakaahua ki te hirikapo o te hunga whakarongo, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te huahuatau (hei tauira, 'heart of gold', 'She is a night owl)
  • te kīpeha
  • te kupu whakarite (hei tauira, as cheeky as a monkey)
  • ngā whakahau
  • te tāruarua
  • te oropuare tārua (hei tauira, 'The early bird catches the worm')
  • te orokati tārua (hei tauira, 'Wīremu wasn’t waiting with Wātene when we walked by')
  • ngā kīpaki, ngā kīrehu, ngā kupu angarua, me te tākaro i te kupu
  • te kupu whakamōmona (hei tauira, 'I've told you a million times')
  • te reo whakaahua (hei tauira, 'The aroma of freshly brewed coffee filled the room')
  • te kīwaha (hei tauira, 'gonna', 'wanna').

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te tito me te whakamāori kōrero
• ki te āta whakamahi i te huhua o ngā kīpaki, o ngā kīrehu, o ngā kupu angarua, me te tākaro i te kupu, e kaha ake ai te pānga o te kōrero
• ki te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga o te reo ā-waha, (hei tauira, te hāpiki, te hāheke, me te rere e rerekē ana, te huahuatau, te kupu whakarite, te oropuare tārua, te orokati tārua, me te ororite) hei whakatō i te whakaahua ki te hirikapo o te hunga whakarongo
• ki te tautohu, ki te whakamahi hoki i ngā āhuatanga whāiti o te reo Pākehā e ōkawa ana, e ōpaki ana hoki
• ki te whiriwhiri i te arotau o ngā āhuatanga reo mō tētahi momo kōrero whāiti, me tētahi pūtake kōrero whāiti
• ki te whakamārama i te whakamahinga o ngā āhuatanga reo e tētahi kaituhi, e tētahi kaitito rānei
• ki te tāwhai i ngā āhuatanga o ngā tuhinga me ngā kōrero ā-waha i āna ake tuhinga me āna ake kōrero ā-waha
• ki te whakapai ake i te whakapuakanga auaha me te pānga o te kōrero.