Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Kupu

Ko te mōhiotanga kupu te mārama ki ngā kupu me te āhua o te whakamahia o aua kupu i ngā horopaki tika. I te Tūātupu 1, ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te aroā weteoro ki ngā oro reo Pākehā e rerekē ana i ō te reo Māori. Ka tautoko te mōhio o te mokopuna ki te kupu i tana whakarongo, i tana kōrero, i tana pānui, me tana tuhituhi mā te hāpai i te mokopuna kia tika tana mārama ki ngā whakaaro i te reo Pākehā, kia tika hoki tana whakapuaki i aua whakaaro ki te reo Pākehā.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te puna kupu

• ki ētahi kupu kāore e auau ana te putanga (hei tauira, ngā kupu e whāiti ana ki te kaupapa, ki te whaitua reo rānei)
• ki ngā kupu taurite mō ngā kupu auau
• ki ngā tūmahi e hāngai ana ki te whakaaro, tae atu ki ērā kāore e auau ana te puta (hei tauira, imagine, believe, contemplate, notice, realise)
• ki ngā tūmahi e hāngai ana ki ngā kare ā-roto, tae atu ki ērā kāore e auau ana te puta (hei tauira, enjoy, fear, dread, delight, resent) 
• ki tētahi puna kupu kua whānui ake o ngā kupu whānui, o ngā kupu kaupapa, o ngā kupu pūmātauranga hoki, i ngā wāhanga ako me ngā kaupapa huhua
• ki ngā whānau kupu (hei tauira, act, action, actor, active, activate)
• ki ngā kupu pūhui (hei tauira, basketball, sunflower, toothbrush).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakamahi i ētahi kupu mātauranga me ngā kupu e whāiti ana ki te marau kāore e auau ana te putanga i ngā kōrero ā-waha me ngā whakawhitinga kōrero ā-tuhi i te whānuitanga o te marautanga
• ki te tautohu, ki te whakamahi hoki i ngā kupu taurite mō ngā kupu auau
• ki te whakamahi i ngā tūmahi e hāngai ana ki te whakaaro me ngā kare ā-roto i ngā kōrero ā-waha me ngā tuhinga
• ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi, pēnei i te papakupu, i te papakupu taurite, i te kuputaka hoki, ki te hihira, ki te kite hoki i ngā tikanga, ki te kimi hoki i ētahi atu kupu (hei tauira, te kupu taurite, te kupu e āhua taurite ana, me ngā kupu tauaro).

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Wetereo

E hāngai ana te mōhiotanga wetereo (tae atu ki te tātaikupu me ngā momo kupu) ki te whai māramatanga ki te takoto o te reo Pākehā. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga e mārama ai, e kaha ai hoki te mokopuna ki te whakaputa i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero whai tikanga.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te tātaikupu

• ki ngā ture mō ngā rerenga kōrero reo Pākehā (hei tauira, te raupapa o ngā kupu i ngā pātai, te whakamahinga o te 'a', o te 'an', me te 'the')
• ki ngā whiringa kupu (ngā kupu piritahi) (hei tauira, ko te ‘take’, kaua ko te ‘make’ a picture, ko te ‘fast’, kaua ko te ‘quick’ food, ko te ‘make’, kaua ko te ‘do’, kaua hoki ko te ‘say’ a decision).

Ngā momo kupu

• ki tētahi puna kupuhono e whānui ake ana (hei tauira, therefore, however, yet, even though)
• ki ngā tūpou whakaata (hei tauira, myself, itself)
• ki ngā tūmahi pīrangi, e tohu nei i tētahi mea e taea ana, i tētahi momo kaha, i tētahi here rānei (hei tauira, can, could, will, must, may, might, shall, should, ought to)
• ngā tūmahi hangakē, pēnei i ēnei:
  • be, was, were, been
  • go, went, gone
  • see, saw, seen.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki tētahi puna rerenga kōrero e whānui haere ana, e ū tonu nei te wāmahi (hei tauira, te whakamahi i te hanga tika o te tūmahi)
• ki te pātai i ētahi momo pātai e hoki mai ai ētahi pārongo whāiti, e tautokona ai rānei te whakaaro
• ki ngā ture o ngā kupu reo Pākehā, ki te whakamārama hoki i aua ture
• ki te whakamahi i tētahi puna kupuhono e whānui ake ana
• ki te whakatika i āna anō kōrero me āna anō tuhinga.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Tikanga Tuhi

Ko te mōhiotanga tikanga tuhi, ko te whai māramatanga ki te takoto ā-tuhi o tētahi reo, tae atu ki te mōhio ki te arapū, ki te tuhi ā-ringa, ki te tātaki kupu, me ngā kārawarawa. Ka āwhina tēnei i te mokopuna ki te pānui me te tuhi i te reo kia tika, kia matatau hoki.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te tātaki kupu

• ki ngā kupu e uaua ana te tātaki, pēnei i ngā kupu kei reira rā ētahi pū kāore e whakahuatia (hei tauira, could, cough, hour)
• ki ngā kupu whakarāpopoto (hei tauira, don’t, can’t, they’ll)
• ki ngā ture tātaki, pēnei i ēnei:
  • kaua e whakatepea te kupu ki te ‘i’, ki te ‘v’, ki te ‘j’, ki te ‘u’ rānei, (hāunga rā te ‘you’ me te ‘thou’)
  • toaitia te pūkati whakamutunga i mua i te āpitihanga o te kūmuri (hei tauira, running, sitting)
  • whakakorea te ‘e’ whakamutunga i mua i te āpitihanga o tētahi kūmuri e tīmata ana ki te pūare (hei tauira, baking, taping)
• ki ngā takahanga o ngā ture tātaki, pēnei i ēnei:
  • whakanōhia te ‘i’ ki mua i te ‘e’, hāunga rā ngā wā e tū ana ērā ki muri i te ‘c’
  • whakakorea te ‘e’ whakamutunga, hāunga rā te 'noticeable', te 'changeable', me te 'manageable'
  • panonitia te ‘y’ kia ‘i’ i mua i tētahi kūmuri, hāunga rā te 'playing', te 'trying', te 'plying', te 'plays', me te 'enjoys'.

Ngā kārawarawa

• ka āwhina te kārawarawa i te aroā
• whakamahia ai te kārawarawa māmā hei waihanga rerepūhui (hei tauira, te piko, ngā tohu kōrero).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whai i ngā tikanga matua me ngā ture matua o te tuhi, tae atu ki ēnei:
  • te whakamahi tika i ngā kupu whakarāpopoto (hei tauira, don’t, can’t, they’ll)
  • te whakamahi i ngā kārawarawa māmā (hei tauira, te piko) e puta ai te rerepūhui
• ki te whakamahi i ētahi rautaki whāiti hei tautoko i tana ngana ki te tātaki i ngā kupu kāore i te mōhiotia (hei tauira, te wāwāhi i te kupu ki ōna kū)
• ki te whakatika i tana tuhinga kia tautohua ai ngā hapa ā-wetereo, ā-kārawarawa, ā-tātaki kupu hoki.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Tikanga Reo

Ko te mōhiotanga tikanga reo, ko te whai māramatanga ki ngā kupu me te āhua o te noho tahi a ngā kupu i te horopaki. Mā reira e whai māramatanga ai te mokopuna ki tāna e kite ai, e rongo ai, e pānui ai, mā tēnei hoki e kaha ai tana whakapuaki i ana whakaaro kia mārama, ka tuhi ana, ka kōrero ana, ka whakaatu ana hoki ia.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te reo torohū

• ki ngā rautaki aroā, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te kōrero anō i ngā whakaaro matua i ngā kōrero reo Pākehā me ngā kōrero reo Māori
  • te hihira i tōna anō māramatanga ki tāna e pānui ana, e rongo ana rānei
  • te kōtuitui i ngā pārongo
  • te kimi māramatanga i ngā tīwhiri i te kōrero, arā, te hīkaro.

Te reo whakaputa

• ka taea ngā whakaaro tuatini te kawe kia mārama, kia māmā, kia ariari hoki (hei tauira, mā te whakaraupapa, mā te wāwāhi i ngā whakaaro ki ētahi wāhanga, mā te whakamahere hoki i mua i te tuhituhi)
• whakaatahia ai, tāraia ai hoki tā tātou titiro ki te ao i te reo ka whakamahia e tātou.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakarongo, ki te kōrero, ki te pānui, me te tuhituhi, kia matatau
• ki te whakamahi i ngā rautaki whānui e mārama ai ia ki ngā kōrero
• ki te whakaahua i ngā mea mā te kōrero ā-waha me te tuhituhi
• ki te kōrero ā-waha me te tuhituhi, kia mārama, mā te wāwāhi i ngā whakaaro tuatini kia māmā, kia ariari hoki te reo
• ki te whakamārama i ngā whakaaro kei ngā tuhinga
• ki te pānui i ngā kōrero kei tua atu o te tikanga more o ngā kupu me ngā kīanga, ki te whakarongo hoki ki aua kōrero, e whai māramatanga ai ia ki ngā kōrero.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Ahureo

Mā te mōhiotanga ahureo e taea ai e te mokopuna te whakarite tūhononga i waenganui i ngā reo, mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga o te reo Māori, o te reo Pākehā, o reo kē atu rānei (hei tauira, te NZSL, tētahi atu reo taketake, me te reo ā-kāinga), hei tautoko, hei whakatere hoki i tana ako i tētahi atu reo. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te whiringa hirikapo — te whakaaro ki te āhua o ngā mahi o roto i te reo me ngā ara ako e taea ai e te mokopuna ngā rautaki te āta whakamahi.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te whakawhiti

• ki te pānga o te horopaki me te pūtake i te whakawhitinga me te whakamāoritanga o ngā kupu me ngā kīanga
• kāore pea he kupu taurite i te reo Pākehā mō ngā kupu Māori e whakapuaki ana i ngā whakaaro ahurea (hei tauira, te marae, te koha, te manaakitanga, te tangata whenua)
• ka hāpai ngā rautaki kua ākona i reo kē i te ako i te reo Pākehā (hei tauira, te whakarongo pīkari, te pānui hihiri, te wehewehe i ngā whakaaro matua i ngā taipitopito taunaki, te whakapuaki anō ki kupu kē atu, te whakamahuki tikanga).

Te whiringa hirikapo

• ka āwhina ngā rautaki i tana ako reo
• ki ētahi ara whakaahua i tana ako me te ara i whāia ai kia mātau ia ki te pānui me te tuhi i ngā reo e rua, ki te whānau.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakawhiti i ngā mōhiotanga o mua ki te reo Pākehā, ki te reo Māori, ki ētahi atu reo, ki ētahi atu wāhanga ako hoki hei hāpai i ngā akoranga hou
• ki te whakawhiti, ki te whakamāori hoki i ngā kīanga me ngā rerenga kōrero i te reo Māori, i reo kē atu rānei ki te reo Pākehā, me te hurirapa o tērā
• ki te whakapuaki i ngā huatau Māori ki te reo Pākehā mā te whakapākehā i te tikanga, tē whakapākehā kē ai i te reo more (he kupu Pākehā ki ia kupu Māori)
• ki te whakamahi i ngā rautaki ako i te reo Māori, ka whakahāngai ai ki te ako i te reo Pākehā
• ki te huritao i te whai hua o ngā rautaki ka whakamahia e ia hei hāpai i tana ako reo.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Ariā Arohaehae

Ka āwhina te ariā arohaehae i te mokopuna kia mārama ki ngā kōrero ka tūpono atu i te ao pāpāho, i ngā kōrero, i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero hoki o ia rā. Mā reira e whanake ai te mātau reo matatini arohaehae — te māramatanga kei tua atu i ngā kupu kia wānangahia ai te take, te kōrero o roto, te pānga rānei ki tāna e kite ana, e pānui ana, e rongo ana rānei. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te kite i te rītaha, i ngā arotoka, i ngā pōhēhē hoki me te whakaaro ki ngā tirohanga ki te ahurea me ngā horopaki o te reo.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te mātau reo matatini arohaehae

• kāore te reo e herekore:
  • ka whakamahia te reo me ngā tohu hei tārai i ō te tangata mōhiotanga ki tētahi take
  • ka taea te whakamahi te reo e whai wāhi ai te tangata, e aukatia ai rānei te whai wāhitanga o te tangata (hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā kupu kaupapa, i te reo rānei pēnei i te mastery, i te academic, i te skills development, i te gifted, me te economy)
  • he pānga ō te rītaha me ngā arotoka ki te porihanga
  • ka tohu te reo e whakamahia ai e te kaikōrero, e te kaituhi rānei i ōna whakapae me ana tirohanga ahurea (hei tauira, te tūreo, — 'gidday', 'reckon', 'mate').

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te pānui i ngā kōrero kei tua atu o ngā tikanga more o ngā kupu me ngā kīanga, ki te whakarongo hoki ki aua kōrero, e whai māramatanga ai ia ki tāna e rongo nei, e pānui nei, e kite nei hoki
• ki te tautohu i ngā horopaki e whakamahia ai te reo e whai wāhi ai te tangata, e aukatia ai rānei te whai wāhitanga o te tangata, me ngā ara i whāia i tutuki ai ērā
• ki te tātari i te reo e mārama ai ki ōna kōrero mō te kaikōrero, mō te kaituhi rānei.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Aropori

Ko te mōhiotanga aropori te tūāpapa o te pāhekoheko tika atu ki ētahi atu i te whānuitanga o ngā momo horopaki. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te mōhio ki ngā kōrero me puta, te āhua o te whakaputaina, tae atu ki te pānga o ērā ki ētahi atu. E mātuatua ana ēnei akoranga e tika ai te whai wāhi a te mokopuna ki tētahi hapori reo Pākehā.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Ngā ture o te kōrerorero

• ki ngā rautaki whakawhiti kōrero, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te whai whakaaro ki ngā whakaaro o ētahi atu mā te toai, mā te whakaata, mā te whakapuaki anō, mā te whakarāpopoto, mā te whakapuaki anō hoki ki kupu kē (hei tauira, 'That’s a great idea to …', 'That reminds me of …', 'That makes me think about …', 'I liked it when you said …')
  • te newanewa o te panoni kaupapa mā te whakamahi kīanga whakawhiti i runga i te manawa popore (hei tauira, 'By the way …', 'I was going to talk about …', 'I was thinking about …')
  • te tika o te whai wāhi atu ki ētahi momo mahi ā-rōpū, pēnei i ngā mahi takirua, i ngā mahi i ngā rōpū iti, i ngā kōrero ā-karaehe hoki
  • te mārama ki te reo ā-tinana me te whakamahi i te reo ā-tinana (hei tauira, tā te kanohi, te titiro ki ngā karu, te āhua o te tinana, te pā ki te tangata, me te hā o te reo)
  • te tautohu i ngā tīwhiri kupu-kore e tohu ana i te wā kia kōrero tētahi atu tangata
  • te whakarongo pīkari me te pātai i ētahi pātai kimi māramatanga
  • te kōrero i ngā kōrero e whai wāhi ai te ‘I’ ka whakapuaki ana i ngā kare ā-roto me ngā whakaaro.

Te aro ki tirohanga kē

• ki te whakamahinga o te reo hei mihi, hei whakamana, hei whakaute hoki i ngā tirohanga o ētahi atu (arā, te I know this isn’t what you were thinking, but …; me te I get what you meant when you said …).

Ngā āheinga reo

• ki te reo e tika ana hei:
  • whakaahua (hei tauira, 'The kuia sat silently in the corner with a grey blanket')
  • tohutohu (hei tauira, 'First, find a set of scissors, then …')
  • kōrero pūrākau (hei tauira, 'While I was …', 'As the sun …', 'Last year …')
  • whakamārama (hei tauira, '… which is why …', 'When …. happens, the result is … because …')
  • tohe (hei tauira, 'It needs to be done so that …', 'It is important because …', 'It is essential for …')
  • whakamahuki (hei tauira, 'What I meant was …', 'What did you mean when you said …')
  • whakapuaki i ngā kare ā-roto me ngā whakaaro (hei tauira, 'I feel a little nervous about …', 'I’m excited that …', 'It’s frustrating when …').

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakapuaki whakaaro, kia mārama, i ngā matapakinga ā-rōpū, ā-karaehe hoki
• ki te whakamahi i ētahi rautaki huhua e ngākaupai ai te whai wāhi atu ki ngā matapakinga
  ā-rōpū
• ki te whakamahi i te reo e whakaatu ana i te ngākau aroha me te mārama ki ngā tirohanga o ētahi atu.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Kōrero Ā-waha, Ā-tuhi

Ko te mōhiotanga kōrero ā-waha, ā-tuhi te māramatanga ki te āhua o te takoto o ngā kōrero, ki te whakamahinga hoki o aua kōrero mō ngā momo take, i mua i ngā momo minenga, e puta ai hoki ngā momo pānga. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te mōhio ki te pūtake o te kōrero, ki te takoto o te kōrero, ki te momo kōrero hoki.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te pūtake o te kōrero

• ka pā te pūtake o te kōrero ki te reo me te māramatanga
• waihangahia ai ngā kōrero mō ngā pūtake rerekē, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te kōrero anō, te taki rānei i ngā tūāhua (hei tauira, he rātaka, he hautaka)
  • te whakapuaki i te tuakiri ā-ahurea (hei tauira, ngā ruri, ngā waiata)
  • te whakangahau (hei tauira, ngā pūrākau/paki, ngā kiriata)
  • te tohutohu (hei tauira, 'Paint it red').

Te takoto o te kōrero

• ki te takoto o ngā kōrero ā-waha me ngā tuhinga e ōkawa ana, e ōpaki ana hoki (hei tauira, te whakataki me te whakakapi, ngā rerenga kōrero, te puna kupu, te hā, me te whakaritenga o ngā kōrero)
• ki te tukanga tuhituhi (te whakamahere, te tuhi i te kape hukihuki, te whakatika, te tuhi anō, te hōmiromiro, me te whakaoti)
• he takotoranga ahureinga, he hanga ahureinga hoki ō ngā hangarau pāpāho me ngā hangarau matihiko.

Te momo kōrero

• ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā momo kōrero poto, pēnei i ngā kōrero taki, i ngā kōrero whakamārama, i ngā kōrero tohutohu, i ngā kōrero whakaahua, i ngā kōrero whakamōhio, i ngā kōrero auaha hoki.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakarongo, ki te pānui, ki te tuhi hoki mō ngā take o ia rā, mō ngā take mātauranga hoki
• ki te kōwhiri i te momo kōrero e tika ana mō tētahi pūtake whāiti
• ki te tuhi kōrero e hāngai ana ki ētahi momo tuhi
• ki te pānui, ki te whakamāori, ki te whakaatu hoki i ngā tuhinga auaha e tuatini haere ana (hei tauira, tētahi whakaahuatanga o te pohewatanga o tētahi kāpeka, o tētahi kiripuaki rānei; tētahi kōrero paki e māmā ana, e hangareka ana rānei; tētahi tūāhua rānei o mua)
• ki te whakamātautau i ana mahi e kitea ai he ara auaha e pārekareka ai tana ngako, e maumaharatia ai hoki taua ngako
• ki te whakatakoto i ngā kōrero ā-waha, i ngā tuhinga hoki e ōpaki ana, e ōkawa ana hoki mō tētahi take, ka mutu, kei te pakari haere tana tūhake i aua mahi rā
• ki te whakamahi i te tukanga tuhituhi hei whakaoti i ngā tuhinga.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Mātākōrero

Mā te mōhiotanga mātākōrero e kaha ai te mokopuna ki te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga reo e puta ai te auahatanga, e hōhonu ake ai hoki te whakawhitinga kōrero. I te wāhanga ako o Te Reo Pākehā, ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te whai māramatanga ki ngā hanga kōrero ahurea me ngā huānga e tārai nei i ngā pūrākau (te huānga taki), pēnei i ngā kiripuaki, i te takiwā, i te tāhū, me te wairua o te kōrero.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Ngā hanga kōrero ahurea

• whakamārama ai te kōrero paki/pūrākau i te ao tūroa, i ngā uara, me ngā hītori (hei tauira, ngā pūrākau hei whakamāramatanga mō ngā wāhi tāpua, ngā mele rānei, ngā oli rānei hei whakaū i te hītori, i te atuatanga, i te whakapapa rānei o Hawai'i).

Ngā huānga taki

• ka āwhina ngā kōwae me ngā nuka tūhonohono (arā, ngā kupuhono me ngā tūpou) kia mārama te whakaritea o ngā tūāhua o tētahi pūrākau
• mā te whakaahua i ngā taipitopito o ngā kiripuaki, o ō rātou āhua, o ngā takiwā, o ngā kare ā-roto, o ngā mahi hoki e pārekareka ake ai te kōrero.

Ngā āhuatanga reo

• ina āta whakaarohia, ina āta whakatauria hoki ngā kōwhiringa ka nui ake te pānga o te reo
• ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga kōrero e whakamahia ana e kaha ake ai te pānga, ko ēnei:
  • te momo reo (te reo ōkawa, te reo ōpaki rānei)
  • te kīpaki (hei tauira, 'chill', 'flex', 'what’s up', 'hang out', 'guts')
  • ngā kīrehu (hei tauira, te 'piece of cake, 'under the weather', 'break the ice')
  • ngā kupu angarua (hei tauira, 'Making cheese on toast was grate fun', 'The idea of having facial hair grew on him')
  • te ororite (hei tauira, 'buzz', 'clang')
  • ngā kīingoa kua whakawhānuihia (hei tauira, 'the rock in the sea', 'the marae with the new, green carvings')
  • ngā rerehāngū e kaha ai te aronga ki te ‘taunga’, ki te 'aronga' rānei o te rerenga.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakaahua, ki te whakarite hoki i ngā tūāhua i tētahi kōrero paki/pūrākau
• ki te whakaputa kōrero mārama i a ia e whakaū ana i te auaha
• ki te whakamahi i te momo reo e tika ana i ngā horopaki e taunga ana ki a ia
• ki te whakamahi i tētahi puna whānui o te kīpaki, o te kīrehu, me te kupu angarua e kaha ake ai te pānga ki te tangata 
• ki te whakatika i tana titonga me tana kōrero e nui ake ai ngā taipitopito, e kaha ake ai hoki te pānga ki te tangata
• ki te whakamāori i te whāinga o ngā āhuatanga reo i ngā kōrero ā-waha, i ngā tuhinga hoki, me te pānga kua hua mai.