Te Wharekura 91
Te Wharekura 91
Nā Wharehoka Wano ngā kōrero
Nā Ruakere Hond te reo o Taranaki i whakaū
Nā Vaughan Flanagan rāua ko Elton Gregory ngā pikitia
Nā Egmont Co rātou ko William Andrew Collis, ko Justin E D McCarthy, ko Burton Brothers, ko John Reginald Wall, ko Alexandra Turnbull Library, ko Fiona Clark, ko Kevin Bone, ko Bryan James, ko Michael Smither Ralph Hotere, ko Rob Tucker, ko Barry Brickell ko Bob Adelman/Corbis, ko Rune Hellestad, ko Colin Monteath ngā whakaahua
Ko Elton Gregory te kaihoahoa
This collection remembers Parihaka and the unjust experiences endured through imprisonment.
Te Wharekura 91
He mihi
Ka mihi ki a Wharehoka Wano, nāna ngā kōrero i tuhi. Kei a Ruakere Hond, nāna te reo o Taranaki i whakaū, kei te mihi. Otirā, kei a koutou o Parihaka, nā koutou anō te kaupapa nei i tautoko, tēnā koutou katoa. Me mihi hoki ki te hunga nāna ngā whakaahua me ngā hoahoa, ka tika.
Order copies of this book from Down the Back of the Chair (MOE11570), or you may be able to find this in the resource room in your kura.
Ngā pūrākau kei roto i te puka nei:
- Titiro Titiro!
- Ko te Rangimārie te Huarahi
- Ngā Iwi o Parihaka
- Tohu Kākahi rāua ko Te Whiti o Rongomai
- Ko te Whenua te Take
- Te Tekau mā Waru me te Tekau mā Iwa
- Ko te Pāhua
- Ngā Marae o Parihaka
- Parihaka Tū Mai
- Te Whakaaturanga Toi o Parihaka
- Ngā Rōpū Tautoko i te Maungaarongo
- Te Ahurei Maungaarongo o Parihaka
- He Whakakapinga
- Ngā Tau Nui
See the “About this resource” box below to download resources.
- Titiro Titiro!
- Ko te Rangimārie te Huarahi
- Ngā Iwi o Parihaka
- Ngā Tūpuna
- Te Pāhua
- Parihaka
- Ngā Kōrero o Parihaka
- Hei Whakakapinga
- Ngā Tau
- Ngā kupu whakamārama
Titiro Titiro!
Titiro, titiro ki te maunga tītōhea
Runga o Parihaka Waitotoroa
Ngāti Moeahu, Ngāti Haupoto
Ko te tākiritanga i te kahu o Wikitoria
Kaitoa! Kaitoa!
Ko Tohu, ko Te Whiti ngā manu e rua
I patu te hoariri ki te rangimārie kss auē kss auē
Ahakoa i te pāhuatanga o Parihaka
Ue, ue, ue Ha!
E whai wāhi ana tēnei tuhinga ki te kohinga kōrero o Te Wharekura 64, He Kōrero mō Parihaka. Nā taku karangarua, a Sean Pōhau Ellison, i whakaemiemi, i whakarārangi mai. Ko tāna, he āta titiro ki ngā mahi i kōkiritia me ngā kōrero kua puta mō Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti me te papa kāinga o Parihaka. He mea āpiti tēnei tuhinga ki ērā o tōku tuakana. Ka takina ēnei kupu, ka hoki mahara atu ki ngā mate ki runga o Parihaka i ngā tau tata nei. Rātou katoa kua huri ki tua i te pae o maumahara, i te tirohanga kanohi. Kei te hāparangi o te ngeri, “He aha te tohu o te ringaringa? He kawakawa!”
Ka whakaaro ake ki a Parekaitū Tito, ki a Tohepakanga Ngātai, ki a Amīria Matoe Rangi, ki a Te Rūkōriri Wharehoka, ki a Tom Te Mātahi Mahutonga rātou ko ngā mate nō nā tata nei, ki a Te Miringa Hohaia, ki a Matarena Marjorie Rau-Kupa, ki a Lindsay McLeod hoki. Ko koutou rā te whakatinanatanga o ngā kupu i waiho ake e Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti. Kua tinana ia koutou e ora ana, moe mai rā koutou e oki.
Ko te Rangimārie te Huarahi
“He puāwai au nō runga i te tikanga,
he rau rengarenga nō roto i te raukura.
Ko taku raukura rā, he manawanui ki te ao.”
He waihotanga kōrero tēnei nā ngā manu e rua, a Tohu Kākahi rāua ko Te Whiti o Rongomai, ngā poropiti o Parihaka. Ko te tohu o te raukura ki te ao, kia whāia te tika me te pono, ahakoa he aha.
Ko te rangimārie te huarahi i hīkoingia e rātou ko te tini i tū tahi atu ki Parihaka. Hei tōna mutunga kei ngā kupu o tā rātou waiata, Te Rā o Māehe, e mea nei, “He kawe mō tātou ki runga i te oranga tonutanga,” arā, ko te orange tonutanga o te ngākau, te tinana, me te wairua o te tangata tōna whāinga matua. Ehara tērā i te huarahi māmā te whai kaupapa pērā. Ko tērā te wā i mou ai te nawe o te muru me te raupatu. Ka riro te whenua, ka riro te mana whakahaere i te pakūtanga o te pū, i te nuka o te ture i roto i ngā tekau tau o te 1860.
Ka ara a Wiremu Kingi Te Rangitaake me tana whakawai, “Ko te mate o te whenua, ko te mate o te tangata”. He akiaki nāna ki te iwi Māori kia purutia te whenua, kia kaua e tukuna ki te hoko, kia ū ki te mana i heke iho i Rangiātea.
Ka pūmau a Te Rangitaake ki ngā kupu oha-ā-kī a tōna matua, a Reretāwhangawhanga,
kia kaua a Waitara e horo i te Pākehā. Ka ruha a Te Rangitaake i te inoi ki te Kāwana, i te whakahau i tōna iwi, i te tohe ki ngā kaihoko. Ahakoa i pērā ia, ka tōtara wāhi rua a Te Āti Awa iwi i te nanakia o ngā kaihoko whenua o te Karauna, koia rā i rere ai te pūrepo, te ngutupārera me te hoari ki runga i a Waitara. Ko te tīmatanga tēnei o ngā pakanga mō te whenua te take i te 17 o ngā rā o Māehe, i te tau 1860.
E kī ana te kōrero, “He wāhine, he whenua, e ngaro ai te tangata.” Ko tērā te wā o te toa kaipakanga – he ringa rehe ki te rākau, he pā tūwatawata tōna tūranga. Ka tūkinotia te whenua, ka tūtū ki te pakanga, ka tūtū ngārahu ki te hoariri ahakoa ko wai. Ko tēnei ngākau i kitea e Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti. Ka tū te riri ki Taranaki, ka hoki mai a Tūmatauenga, a Tū-ka-riri, a Tū-ka-nguha, rātou tahi ko ngā atua o te kairākau, a Maru, a Uenuku me āna hua – he tangata, he tangata, maunu atu ki te pō.
Ka mea a Te Whiti, “E kore he hua pai i puta i te rākau,” me tōna mōhio he pūkenga tō Tū, he pūkenga anō tō Rongo. Ka kī atu ki ēnei toa, “Ka kuhuna te patu, e kore, e kore rawa e kitea.” Kātahi anō ēnei hāpai o Tū ka aro atu ki te hāpai o Rongo hei ara pakanga ki te hoariri. Koirā te kitenga poropiti i te wā i waerea ai a Parihaka papa kāinga i te tau 1866. E ono tau noa, i muri mai i te aranga o ngā pakanga whenua, nā, ka whāia te kawe o te rangimārie e te hunga tatū iho rā.
Ngā Iwi o Parihaka
Tērā a Parihaka ki roto i te iwi o Taranaki tūturu, ki ngā hapū o Ngāti Moeahu me
Ngāti Haupoto, ko Kurahaupō te waka. He pāranga anō ōna ki ngā iwi o te raki ki a
Ngāti Tama, a Ngāti Mutunga, a Ngāti Maru me Te Āti Awa, arā, ko Tokomaru waka
tērā. Tae atu ki ngā iwi i te tai-whakarunga, a Ngā Rauru, a Ngāruahine me Ngāti
Ruanui, ko Aotea tō rātou waka. Koirā hoki ngā iwi kei te take, kei ngā hiwi, kei ngā
muriwai o Taranaki maunga. Ko te rohe tērā e kīia nei ko Parininihi ki Waitōtara.
Heoti anō rā, ehara i te mea ko ngā iwi o Taranaki anahe ērā i rarau mai ki Parihaka. Ko Waikato, ko Ngāti Maniapoto, ko Ngā Puhi, ko Te Wainui-ā-rua, ko Ngāti Kahungunu, ko Ngāi Tahu, ko Raukawa, ko Muaupoko ētehi atu anō o ngā iwi i noho mai ki Parihaka i aua wā o te tokopae tangata.
Arā hoki a Te Mōrehu, a Te Weriweri me Pāponga. Ko ngā urupā ēnei o Parihaka, ko te oneone i tāpukehia ai ō rātou tūpuna. Huia te mate, huia te ora!
Ka rua rā anō ngā tino take i tau mai ai aua iwi ki roto o Parihaka. Ka tahi, ko ngā ture muru whenua, ā, koia i noho whenua kore ai ngā iwi rā. Ka rua, ko te reka maio ngā kōrero o ngā manu e rua, he mea reka i te hua o te kupu, i te hua o te tikanga.
Tērā a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti i puaki kōrero rā ki te minenga, hei whakaatu ki te ao i ngā mahi tinihanga a te Kāwanatanga ki te ture, me ana mahi kaiā ki te tango whenua. Nō reira, ko ngā rautaki i whakaritea e rāua he mea whakataritari i runga i te manawanui o Rongo. Ka haere ko te whakahau, “Whakaraupō i a koutou e te iwi, ki te riri koe ki au ka piko au, ka mutu tō riri ki au ka tū anō au.” Ka aronui te iwi kitaua raupō rā i roto o Parihaka.
Ko Tohu Kākahi rāua ko Te Whiti o Rongomai
Nā, ahakoa he tata ōrite tō rāua pakeke, he matua kēkē a Tohu Kākahi ki a Te Whiti o Rongomai. I whānau mai rāua i te wā o ngā pakanga pū ki ngā iwi o te raki, i roto i ngā tekau tau o te 1820. E kī ana ētehi, i whānau mai a Tohu ki Ōkahuiti ki te tonga o Taranaki, ā, i whānau mai a Te Whiti o Rongomai ki te pā o Ōtaka ki roto o Ngāmotu, e tata ana ki Paritutu.
I a rāua e tamariki ana, ka kite ō rāua mātua i ngā tohu o te matakite, o te taha wairua ki roto i a rāua. Ka tukuna rāua ki ngā wānanga tawhito o Taranaki. Koia rāua e matatau ana ki ngā kōrero o neherā, ki ngā whakapapa, ki ngā karakia, ki ngā pūrākau hoki a ō rāua tūpuna.
I taua wā, i te mura ngā ahi o Tū ki waenganui o Taranaki me Waikato. Nō reira, mārama tonu ana rāua ki te māra o Tūmatauenga. Nā whai anō, ka rewa ki ngā hekenga o Taranaki ki te tonga, ki Te Upoko o te Ika noho ai, ā, ka noho a Tohu ki Waikanae mō tētehi wā.
E ai ki te kōrero, ko tō rāua tauheke a Minarapa Rangihatuake tō rāua kaiako tuatahi ki ngā kōrero o te Paipera Tapu. I whakaraua a Minarapa ki roto o Waikato me Ngā Puhi, ki reira ako ai i te Paipera Tapu, kātahi ka hoki atu ki Taranaki hei minita.
I te tau 1845, ka tae mai te minita Rūtarana, Te Rīmene ki Warea whakatū ai i tana mīhana.
I reira kē a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti e noho ana, ā, ka hou atu rāua ki ngā akoranga o te Tikanga Hou i whakahaeretia nei e Te Rīmene. Ko tōna mīharo i te tūtakitanga ki te tokorua rā, kua matatau kē rāua ki ngā kōrero o te Paipera.
Ko te Whenua te Take
Nō mua tata atu, i te tau 1841, i tīmata te maringi mai a te Pākehā ki roto o ngā motu mai i ngā kaipuke, i ū mai i Ingarangi. Kīhai i roa, ka kī katoa a ngā motu me ōna takiwā i te hunga rā me tōna manako nui, he riro whenua kia nohoia hei pāmu, hei kāinga mō rātou. Engari kāore rawa i kitea ngā whenua i pānuitia e te kamupene o Wakefield mā, me tō rātou pōhēhē nui kua hokona kētia aua whenua.
Ka tupu te pōnānā, te kaikaha me te riri ki a rātou. Kāore he aha, tē aro atu a ngāi Māori ki ngā tono a te hunga Pākehā ki Ngāmotu. Kāore te whenua i hokona atu.
Ki ngā tau whai muri i te 1850, ka tahuri ngā iwi me ngā hapū o Taranaki whānui ki te tohetohe ki waenga i a rātou anō mō te whenua te take. Tērā ētehi i tohe kia hokona he whenua ki te Pākehā, tērā anō ētehi ka mārō kia kaua e hokona. Haere ake, ka ū te nuinga ki te tikanga, kia Māori tonu ai te papa whenua o ō rātou tūpuna.
Nāwai ā, i te tau 1854 ka rūpeke atu a Taranaki ki Manawapou, he wāhi tata ki Te Hāwera, hei taukumekume i te take whenua nei. Nā Wiremu Kingi Te Rangitaake te karanga. Nō te mutunga o taua hui, ka ū tonu rātou ki ō rātou whakaaro kia tina te mana o te whenua. Kāore e kore, i reira a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti me te ū anō ki taua whakatau a te minenga.
Heoti anō, i te pupū tonu ake te hiakai whenua o te iwi Pākehā ki roto o Ngāmotu. Ka kaha tō rātou wero atu ki te Kāwanatanga, me te inoi tonu kia wātea mai ngā whenua Māori hei hoko mā rātou. Ka noho ko te ingoa o Te Rangitaake hei whiunga mō te kupu hanihani. Ka whēnei ake, ko ia tērā e takitaki ana kia purutia te whenua.
Nō reira, koirā te āhuatanga i mua mai i ngā pakanga whenua ki Waitara, ā, puta noa i Taranaki. I roa kē ngā hōia o te Kāwanatanga e whakatūtū ana i ngā whare pakanga, e whakawai ana ki te whawhai ki te Māori. I tōna mutunga, ko tō rātou kaha hiahia tonu ki te whenua te take.
Tērā a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti i roto o Warea e āta mātakitaki ana i ēnei nekehanga. Kua mōhio rāua ki te āhuatanga o te pakanga mai i tō rāua tamarikitanga. Kua kite rāua i te huhua o te iwi Pākehā i roto o Pōneke me ā rātou tikanga me te pūkenga mai rā o te pū, o te pūrepo. Ko ēnei ngā rākau kurukuru o te wā.
Ka kātoro mai te pakanga whenua ki Warea i te 29 o ngā rā o Māehe, i te tau 1860. I mua i te taenga mai o te tauā hōia ki Warea kua rere noa atu a Te Rīmene, kāore hoki ia mō te hoki mai. Otiia a Te Rīmene, he tuku kōrero atu ki te kāhui hōia rā mō te nohonohonga o ngā pā, o ngā kāinga hoki o Taranaki.
Ka mātakitaki a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti i ēnei mahi a te Kāwanatanga, i tā rātou pēhitanga o ngā iwi o Taranaki. Ka tae mai te rongo e pā ana ki ngā mahi nanakia a Te Rīmene me te mōhio tonu, nō te hiahia whenua o te Pākehā tēnei pakanga. Tatū kau atu taua pakanga i te tau 1861 kāore e kaha ki te kī atu i toa te Māori rānei, i toa te Pākehā rānei. Waihoki, ko te pakanga tuatahi tēnei.
Nō te tau 1863, ka kitea e te nuinga te mahi nanakia me te mahi kaiā a te Pākehā. Ka tau te ture muru whenua ki te aroaro o te Pāremata, ka tere mana i a rātou. Koia ko ngā ture e kīia nei, ko te Suppression of Rebellion Act 1863 me te New Zealand Settlements Act 1863. Nā runga anō i aua ture rā, ka kīia te Māori, he hoariri kaipakanga ki ngā hōia o te Kāwanatanga. Hāunga te whakaaro, i te tiaki kē rātou i ō rātou whenua. Heoti, ko te utu, ko te muru i aua whenua tonu. Tahi rā te nukarau o te Kāwanatanga!
I te tau 1864 i whai a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti i a Te Ua Haumēne me tana kāhui ki te kakari ki Mahoetahi, e tata tonu ana ki Waitara. Ka hinga te tini, ka pōauau te iwi, ā, ka tīmata te pakanga tuarua. I te tau 1865 ki Te Puru, ka tohungia a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti e Te Ua Haumēne hei poropiti.
Ka mutu te pakanga ki te kakari i Waikoukou i te tau 1866. I reira rā a Tohu, a Te Whiti me te iwi e noho ana. Ka mutu taua whawhai, ka hūnuku rātou ki Parihaka noho ai.
I konei ka mou te tikanga me te rapu i te huarahi ki te rangimārie ki waenga i te iwi Māori me te iwi Pākehā. Ka hua, kia noho te Māori ki tōna whenua ki runga anō i ōna tikanga, kia noho anō hoki te Pākehā ki ōna whenua ki runga anō i ōna tikanga. Koirā te take i tū te papa kāinga
o Parihaka, kia tū motuhake ngā tikanga Māori. Ko te āhua o Parihaka he whakaari i te rangimārie, i te maungaarongo, me kī, ehara a Parihaka i te pā tūwatawata. Tuwhera kau ana te papa kāinga rā ki te katoa, ki te iti, ki te rahi, ngāi Pākehā mai, ngāi Māori mai.
Hei tauira ake i ngā tikanga o Parihaka, ko te pōwhiri i te manuhiri ki te kawe o Rongo-maraeroa, ki roto wharenui. Kia hou atu te ope ki roto i te whare, ka hongi, ka ohaoha i mua mai i ngā whaikōretro. He rerekē te tikanga nei. He tohu mō te rangimārie. Ko te tikanga o mua, ko te pōwhiri i te manuhiri ki runga marae ki te kawe o Tū-te-nganahau. Haere te kupu, haere te kōrero, kātahi anō rātou ka oha, ka whakararata ki te hongi. Ka mea a Parihaka kia huri taua tikanga i te kuhunga ki te whare, ki te kawe o Rongo-maraeroa.
Te Tekau mā Waru me te Tekau mā Iwa
Mai i te aranga ake o Parihaka, ka whakaritea ko te tekau mā waru me te tekau mā iwa hei hokinga mahara ki te rā i pakū ai ngā pū o te Karauna ki runga o Waitara, i te 17 o Māehe, 1860. Kāore i tū i taua rā tonu, i te 17, engari ko te rā i muri mai. Otiia, ka tū ngā rā e rua i ia marama, i ia marama, i ia tau, i ia tau, tae noa mai ki tēnei wā. Hāunga rā ko ngā tau tata i muri mai i te Pāhua, koia anahe pea tētehi wā kāore i tū aua rā karanga. Nā te ture i āki mai kia kauaka te tangata e huihui ki Parihaka. Koirā te wā i nohoia te kāinga rā ki ngā hōia o te Kāwanatanga.
Ka tū ko te tekau mā waru te rā ki a Te Whiti o Rongomai, ko te tekau mā iwa te rā ki a Tohu Kākahi. Ko te tikanga o ēnei rā nui i te wā o Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti, ko te rauhī mai i ngā take o te wā. Ka kawea he kaupapa e ngā iwi katoa, ahakoa ko wai, Māori mai, Pākehā mai. Ko te manaaki tangata he tohu mō te mana whenua, he tohu hoki mō te whai i te ara o te rangimārie. Ahakoa hoariri, hoa ranei. Ahakoa iti, rāhi rānei. Ahakoa rangatira, pononga rānei, me manaaki tonu.
I aua hui rā, ka whiriwhiringia e ngā poropiti ngā rautaki mō te whenua, ā, ka whārikingia ngā kupu kōrero ki te papa o te whare, kia rangona e te tangata. I ngā tekau tau o te 1870, ka rūpeke mai te tini me te mano ki te whakarongo ki ngā kōrero e haere ana, ngā tohutohu, me ngā whakahau a ngā manu e rua. Tōna mutunga, he reka te kōrero me te hāngai o te whakaaro kia tū rangatira ai te Māori ki runga anō i ōna whenua.
Nā ēnei hui ā-marama i korikori ai ngā iwi kua tatū mai ki Parihaka, ka waiho hoki mā aua iwi anō e horapa haere i aua kupu ki te motu. Ka rere atu ngā pānui kia ū ki te tohe. Ko te tohe tērā ki ngā kuru me ngā pēhitanga o te wā.
Ko Tohu Kākahi te Pou Atua o rāua. Ko tāna, ko te taha wairua, ko ia tērā te tuku i ngā karere ki te iwi. Ko Te Whiti o Rongomai te Pou Whenua. Ko tāna ko te taha māngai, ko ia tērā e tuku i ngā karere ki te iwi, ki te ao puta noa.
I ēnei rā, kei te tangi tonu ngā pere ki runga i ngā marae o Parihaka. Ka whai tonu te iwi i ngā tikanga mai i te wā i ngā poropiti. Ka tahi, ko te manaaki tāngata ahakoa ko wai. Ka rua, ko te hora i ngā kaupapa ki mua i te aroaro o te iwi.
I te marama o Māehe he mana anō tō ēnei rā, nō te mea, ko tērā te marama i pakū ai te pū tuatahi ki Waitara. I reira i tīmata ai ngā pakanga whenua o Taranaki. Ko te marama o Hune te marama nui o te tau. Ka kawe mai ngā ope whakaeke i ō rātou mate o te tau kua hipa ki runga i ngā marae o Parihaka.
Nei, ka tae mai koe hei manuhiri i te tekau mā waru, i te tekau mā iwa rānei, me tae i mua mai i te tekau o ngā haora o te ata. Ka kawea te pōwhiri ki ngā tikanga o pāeke, e pērā tonu ana ki ngā marae o Taranaki whānui. Otiia, kāore ngā pae e rata nei ki te reo Pākehā, me ngā waiata ngahau i ēnei kawe ōkawa. Mā ngā kōrero tūpuna, mā ngā waiata tūpuna e eke rā te whakaaro ki ngā rā nui. Hei te poutūtanga te kai nui o te rā. Ka mutu ēnei tikanga, kātahi ka wātea te papa ki ngā kaupapa kōrero.
Te Pāhua
He rā nui anō ki runga i te papa kāinga, ko Te Pāhua tērā. Koia te wā i tae mai ai ki Parihaka a Te Paraihe, te Mīnita Māori o te Kāwanatanga, me ōna hōia, arā, i te rima o ngā rā o Noema, i te tau 1881.
I te tau 1878, ka tīmata te Kāwanatanga ki te rūri i te whenua hei pāmu mō te Pākehā.
I kī mai te Kāwanatanga ka waiho hoki he whenua mō te Māori, engari kāore i whākī ko tēhea whenua tērā. Ka mea atu a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti me te whakaae mai o Parete, te kaihoko whenua o te Karauna, kia kaua e rūringia ngā whenua ki waenga i te awa o Te Waingongoro ki runga, o Hangatahua ki raro. Neke atu i te tekau mā rima tau nō muri mai, e tārewa tonu ana ngā take whenua Māori.
Ka tae mai ngā kairūri whenua ki ngā mānia o Waimate, ki te awa o Waingongoro, ka whiti mai ki ngā whenua i meatia atu he whenua Māori. Kātahi ka tukuna atu te iwi e Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti ki te huhuti i ngā pine a ngā kairūri. Nō tērā wā, ka tīmata te mauheretanga o te iwi o Parihaka. Ka tukua atu rātou e te Kāwanatanga ki ngā whare herehere o Ngāmotu, kātahi ki Ōtautahi, ki Ōtakou, ki ētehi atu wāhi hoki ki Te Waipounamu, ākina ai ki te mahi rori, ki te hanga whare, ki ngā mahi o ngā tāone.
I te tau 1879, ka tīmata te iwi ki te parau i te whenua hei tohu atu nō te Māori tonu taua whenua. Nā, i te tau 1880, ka tīmata te Kāwanatanga ki te hanga huarahi ki Parihaka.
Ka tukuna anō te iwi e Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti ki te hanga taiepa hei aukati, hei whakapōrearea i te hanganga o aua rori.
Ko te tikanga o ngā mahi huhuti i ngā pine, parau i te whenua me te hanga i ngā taiepa, he whakaatu ki te ao i ngā pēhitanga me ngā tinihanga o te Kāwanatanga i aua wā me te whakaari i te ahikā ki te whenua Māori.
He 400 te nui o te iwi o Parihaka i mauheretia i taua wā. He 38 o rātou i mate atu ki ngā whare herehere o Te Waipounamu. Ko ētehi o rātou i mauherengia mō te rua tekau tau. Ko te tinihanga, kīhai te nuinga o rātou i tae ki mua i te aroaro o te Kōti whakawāngia ai.
Nō te tau 1880, ka tū tētehi kōmihana ki te titiro ki ngā take whenua Māori, arā, ko te muru me te raupatu whenua. Ko te mate kē nō te Kāwanatanga tonu ngā kaikōmihana, ā, koia tonu te take kāore a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti i whakaae ki te kōmihana me ngā taunakitanga i puta.
Tērā hoki a Te Paraihe e kōrero teka ana ki mua i te aroaro o te Pāremata. Ko tāna, ko te whakarite a Parihaka ki te hoki ki te mura o te ahi. Ahakoa he kupu rangimārie ngā kauhau a ngā manu e rua, ka kōwiringia ki ngā pūrongo kia ohooho te Pākehā, ā, ka whakaae te Kāwanatanga ki te tuku i ngā hōia ki Parihaka. Nā Te Paraihe, te Minita o Ngā Take Māori tērā ope i ārahi.
I tae mai ngā hōia ki Parihaka i te rima o ngā rā o Noema, 1881. Ko te mahi a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti, ko te whakahuihui i te iwi ki runga i te marae o Toroānui. Ka eke mai te ope hōia ki te marae, i reira ngā tamariki, arā, ko ngā tātarakihi o Parihaka, e pōwhiri atu ana i a rātou.
Tērā a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti e noho piri nei ki te iwi, e akiaki ana, e whakahau ana i a rātou kia tau ai te noho, me te mōhio tonu kia tū tētehi ki te kuru i ngā hōia, ka pakū katoa mai ngā pū, ka hau mai ngā hoari, ka wero katoa mai ngā pēneti, te mutunga iho he parekura.
I ngā rangi whai mai ka tahuri ngā hōia ki te turaki i ngā whare, ki te takahi i ngā māra, ki te kaiā i ngā taonga, ki te pāwhera i ngā wāhine, otiia, ki te tuku i ngā iwi kia hoki atu ki ō rātou ake rohe. Ka mauheretia a Tohu rātou ko Te Whiti mā ki Ngāmotu, kātahi ka kawea ki Te Waipounamu.
I ēnei rā, ka hoki tonu ngā uri o Parihaka ki te rā o Te Pāhua i ia tau. Ehara i te rā whakanui engari he whakamahara kē te mahi. Ka hui ngā mōrehu ki Toroānui, ki te marae i nohoia e ō rātou tūpuna i te wā o Te Pāhua. Kore kau he pōwhiri, kore kau he mihimihi i te mea nō te kāinga kē te hunga haere mai. Ko te mahi nui, ko te kai tahi a te iwi i te hākari i ngā tikanga o ērā wā.
I te tau 1981, ka hipa te kotahi rau tau i te wā o Te Pāhua. I taua rā, i waipukengia te marae ki te tangata, rāua tahi ko te ua o te rangi, mākū kau ana. Koirā pea ko maunga Taranaki e tangi ana ki ngā āhuatanga o Te Pāhua e pā mamae tonu nei ki tōna iwi. E kore rawa taua rā o Te Pāhua e wareware nei i te kāinga.
Ngā Marae o Parihaka
Ko tētehi āhuatanga rerekē o tēnei papa kāinga – rerekē atu i ngā tini marae o te motu – ehara a Parihaka i te marae kōtahi. I te wā o Te Whiti rāua ko Tohu, kei tēnā iwi, kei tēnā iwi tōna ake marae me ōna whare. Kei tēnā hapū, kei tēnā whānau anō tōna marae me ōna whare. I ēnei rā ka kitea ko ngā marae matua e toru ki runga o Parihaka.
Ki Toroānui te marae, ko Rangi Kapuia, ko Mahi Kūare, ko Rānui ngā whare. Ko te marae tērā o Tohu Kākahi. Ki Takitūtū te marae, ko Te Paepae o te Raukura te whare. Ko te marae tērā o Te Whiti o Rongomai. Ki Parahuka te marae, ko Te Niho o Te Āti Awa te whare. I tōna tuwheratanga mai he wharekai kē a Te Niho, engari i whakahoutia te whare e te iwi hei whare wānanga, hei wharenui hoki.
Ko te tekau mā waru te rā o Te Whiti, ā, ka tangi te pere ki ngā marae o Parahuka me Takitūtū. Ko te tekau mā iwa te rā o Tohu Kākahi, ā, ka tangi te pere ki te marae o Toroānui.
Parihaka Tū Mai
I mate mai a Tohu Kākahi i te whā o ngā rā o Pēpuere, i te tau 1907. I te 18 o ngā rā o Noema i tērā tau tonu, i mate mai a Te Whiti.
Tae noa ki ō rāua matenga, i te pupuri tonu rāua i te whakaaro kia noho motuhake ki ō rāua whenua, kia ū tonuki ngā tikanga a te Māori. Ahakoa ngā uauatanga i puta ki waenga i a rāua me ō rāua piringa tangata, i whai tonu rāua i ngā kaupapa rā.
Kia hoki rā anō ki ngā kupu o Te Rangitaake, “Ko te mate o te whenua, ko te mate o te tangata.” Ko te āhuatanga o Parihaka tērā. Kua noho rawakore ngā iwi o Parihaka ki ngā korakora whenua noa i toe mai ki a rātou, hei nohoanga mō rātou.
Nō muri atu i te matenga o Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti, i tīmata ngā whānau ki te tuku i ā rātou tamariki ki ngā kura Pākehā, ahakoa kāore i whakaaetia e Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti i te wā e ora ana. I puta hoki ngā tāne kia whai mahi ki waho o Parihaka, ko ētehi i runga anō i ngā pāmu o ngā hōia.
Nō reira, mai i te matenga o ngā manu e rua tae noa ki ngā tekau tau 1960, ka tahanga haere, kōangiangi haere a Parihaka i te tangata kore. Ka pūehuehu kau ngā kāinga o tērā whānau, o tērā whānau, ka tāreparepa noa ngā whare, ka tupuria e te tarutaru, e te otaota.
Heoti anō, ki ngā tau o te 1970, ka maranga mai te iwi Māori i roto o Aotearoa mō te whenua, mō te reo, mō te mana Māori motuhake te take. Nāwai ā, ka maranga anō hoki te iwi ki roto o Parihaka.
I ngā tekau tau 1970, ka hokihoki ngā uri o Parihaka ki te whakanui i ngā rā. Ka tīmata ngā wānanga ki runga i ngā marae, ka ako anō rātou i ngā waiata o Parihaka me ngā kōrero a ngā manu e rua. Ahakoa ōna piki me ōna heke, kei te tū kaha tonu a Parihaka i ēnei rā.
Te Whakaaturanga Toi o Parihaka
I te tau 2000, i tū te Whakaaturanga Toi o Parihaka, Parihaka – The Art of Passive Resistance ki te Whare Taonga o Te Whanganui-a-Tara. Nā Te Miringa Hohaia i whakahaere tēnei kaupapa nui, kaupapa whakahirahira hoki. Ko ngā kaiwhakaatu,
ko ngā ringa toi i whakaurungia, he tohunga ki ā rātou mahi. Ko tā rātou he whakaatu i te kaupapa o Parihaka me ngā kupu whakaari o ngā manu e rua.
Ka mutu te whakaaturanga i Te Whanganui-a-Tara, ka heke ki Ōtākou. Ka mutu i reira, ka tū anō ki roto i te Whare Taonga o Puke Ariki, i Ngāmotu. I te wā o te whakaaturanga i whakahaere hoki ngā wānanga, ngā kauhau, ngā whakaari mengā waiata mō Parihaka.
Ngā Rōpū Tautoko i te Maungaarongo
I te tau 2003, ka ihiihi ngā iwi o Parihaka i te taenga mai o ngā rōpū tautoko o Martin Luther King Junior rāua ko Mohandas K. Gandhi. Kātahi anō te hui ātaahua ko tērā!
Ko Mohandas K. (Mahatma) Gandhi te kaiārahi matua o tōna iwi, e whai ana i tō rātou mana motuhake ki Inia i ngā tau 1915–1945. Ko tōna huarahi hoki ko te rangimārie. Kua rongo te ao mō ngā mahi a Gandhi, engari i te takahi kē a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti i taua huarahi o te rangimārie e 50 tau i mua i a ia.
Ko Martin Luther King Junior te kaiārahi o ngā mangumangu o Amerika tae noa atu ki tōna kōhurutanga i te tau 1968. Ko tāna ko te akiaki i te Kāwanatanga o Amerika kia riro i te tangata tōna anō rangatiratanga, ahakoa mangumangu, ahakoa kirimā, ahakoa aha atu rānei. Ko te huarahi o te rangimārie hoki tāna i whai ai. He rongonui hoki ia huri noa i te ao.
Nā reira, ko te taenga mai o ngā uri o te tokorua rā ki Parihaka, he whakanui i te kaupapa o te rangimārie nā Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti i kōkiri. E mōhio pū mai hoki te iwi, kua puta te rongo o Parihaka ki te ao!
Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)
Nā Mahatma Gandhi tōna iwi o Inia i ārahi kia whai ite huarahi o te rangimārie, arā, ko te nohopuku, ko te pāheko-kore, ko te tuhi reta, ko te tuhi pānui hoki – he mea whawhai i te pēhitanga mai o Ingarangi i taua wā. I te tau 1947 i riro anō i a rātou tō rātou mana motuhake mai i te kāwanatanga o Ingarangi. I kōhurungia a Gandhi i te tau 1948.
Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1969)
Nā Tākuta Martin Luther King Jr te kaupapa ōritetanga ā-iwi me tērā te mana tangata i kōkiri i ngā tekau tau o 1950 me te 1960 ki Amerika. I te noho whakawehe tonu te iwi kirimā me te iwi mangumangu o reira i raro anō i ngā ture whakapēhi o te wā. He māngai a Tākuta King mō te iwi porotēhi e whakahē ana i te mahi whakapēhi i ngā mangumangu o Amerika. I whiwhi ia i te Taonga Maungaarongo o Nobel i te tau 1964.
Te Ahurei Maungaarongo o Parihaka
I whakarewangia Te Ahurei Maungaarongo o Parihaka tuatahi i te tau 2006. Nā Te Miringa Hohaia anō tēnei kaupapa i whakahaere. Ko tōna tikanga, ko te tautoko mai o ngā reo kōrero me ngā reo waiata i te kaupapa o Parihaka me ngā kupu whakaari a ngā manu e rua.
Kua rima ngā tau i tū ai tēnei ahurei. Ko te mea pai rawa atu, i rere mai te motu me te ao ki runga o Parihaka noho mai ai. E toru rā te roanga o tēnei ahurei. Ka tū ngā tēneti, ka whakakīkīngia ngā whare ki te tini tangata. Ka whakahaerengia ngā wānanga, ka whakatūria ngā kauhau, ka tū hoki ngā rōpū waiata me ngā rōpū kanikani. Āpiti atu ko ngā hapū hoko kai, hoko taonga,hoko kākahu hoki.
Ko te mea pai anō, ko te tini o ngā manuhiri e tae mai ana i tāwāhi. He tūmomo tāngata ēnei e whakapono ana ko te huarahi o te rangimārie tērā e tika ana kia whāia e te ao. Kua tae te rongo ki a rātou mō ngā mahi a ngā manu e rua. Ka tae mai ki Parihaka ki te tautoko i te kaupapa, ā, ka hoki anō rātou ki ō rātou ake whenua ki te kawe i te kaupapa o Parihaka ki reira.
Hei Whakakapinga
Ahakoa ngā piki me ngā heke o Parihaka i roto i ngā tau kei te tū tonu te kaupapa, kei te ora tonu te iwi, kei te manaaki tonu ngā whare i ngā manuhiri.
Ko te tūmanako ā tōna wā ka tū mai he whare wānanga, he whare taonga ki runga o Parihaka. Koirā tētehi o ngā wawata nui mō ngā tau kei te tū mai.
Kia hoki rā anō ki ngā tīmatanga kōrero, “Ko taku raukura rā he manawanui ki te ao.” Tēnei mātou o te papa kāinga o Parihaka e manawanui ana ki ngā nekehanga o te ao, e whai tonu ana i ngā waihotanga kōrero a Tohu Kākahi rāua ko Te Whiti o Rongomai.
Ngā Tau Nui
1828 I whānau mai a Tohu.
1832 I whānau mai a Te Whiti.
1841–1843 Ka tae mai ngā kaipuke Pākehā ki Ngāmotu.
1845 I tae mai a Te Rīmene ki Warea.
1854 Ka tū te hui pupuri whenua ki Manawapou.
1860 17 o Māehe – ka tīmata ngā pakanga whenua ki Waitara. 29 o Māehe – ka tae mai ngā hōia ki Warea.
1861 Pēpuere – ka mutu te pakanga tuatahi.
1863 Ka puta ngā ture muru whenua.
1866 Ka mutu te pakanga tuarua ki Waikoukou. Ka ara te papa kāinga o Parihaka.
1870–1880 Ka rere te motu ki runga o Parihaka ki ngā rā nui.
1878 Ka tīmata te Kāwanatanga ki te rūri whenua ki Waimate. Ka tukuna te iwi e Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti ki te huhuti i ngā pine a ngā kairūri.
1879 25 o Mei – ka tukuna te iwi e Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti ki te parau i ngā whenua kua murua. 29 o Hune – ko te hunga tuatahi i mauheretia.
1880 Ka whakatakotohia e te Kāwanatanga te huarahi ki Parihaka. Ka hangaia e te iwi ngā taiepa aukati. 19 o Hūrae – ka tīmata te mauheretanga atu o te hunga hanga taiepa.
1881 5 o Noema – ko te Pāhua. Ka mauheretia a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti.
Ngā Tau Nui 2
1883 9 o Māehe – ka hoki mai a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti ki Parihaka. Ngā tau ka whakatūria ngā whare e rua, a Rangi Kapuia me Te Mutunga Raukura.
1886 Ka mauheretia anō a Te Whiti.
1888 Ka hoki a Te Whiti ki Parihaka.
1898 12 o Hūrae – ka hoki mai te hunga whakamutunga kua mauheretia.
1907 4 o Pēpuere – i mate a Tohu Kākahi. 18 o Noema – i mate a Te Whiti o Rongomai.
1920–50 I te wāhia tonuhia te whenua o Parihaka e te Kāwanatanga. Ko te mouri o te papa kāinga kei te hekeheke. He ruarua noa ka hoki ki ngā rā nui.
1960–1980 Ka maranga mai a Parihaka. Ka whakahoungia ngā whare, ka tū anō ngā wānanga.
1981 Ka tū Te Pāhua kōtahi rau tau.
1980–2000 Ka tū mai ngā kaupapa nui ki runga o Parihaka, arā, ko te Work Co–ops & Work Trusts Hui (1985), ko te Hui-a-Tau o Te Ataarangi (1990) me Ngā Puna Waihanga mō ngā Kai Toi (1994).
2000 Ko te whakaaturanga ki Te Whanganui-a-Tara, Parihaka – The Art of Passive Resistance.
2003 I tae mai ngā rōpū o Martin Luther King Jr me Mahatma Gandhi ki te whakanui i a Tohu rāua ko Te Whiti.
2006–2010 Ko Te Ahurei Maungaarongo o Parihaka.
K
kawe kawa
M
maungaarongo maungārongo
mou mau
NG
ngutupārera he momo pū nō te wā o ngā pakanga whenua ki Aotearoa
O
oha-ā-kī ōhākī
P
Pāranga pānga
Pūrepo he pū nui rawa, he wīra ōna kia nekehia
R
Rūtarana Lutheran, he tūmomo hāhi nō Tiamana
T
Te Paraihe John Bryce, Minita Take Māori 1879–1884
Te Rīmene Johann Friedrich Riemenschneider, Minita Rūtarana ki Wārea 1846–1860
About this resource
Order copies of this book from Down the Back of the Chair (MOE11570), or you may be able to find this in the resource room in your kura.
Taumata: Taumata 6, Taumata 7, Taumata 8
Kaupapa: Rārangi Pukapuka
Kohinga: Te Wharekura
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