Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Weteoro

Ko te āhukahuka, ko te whakaputa, me te rāwekeweke i ngā oro o te reo e ākona ana ētahi āhuatanga e tūāpapa ana ki te ākona o taua reo. Ko te mōhiotanga ki te pūnaha weteoro o te reo te tūāpapa o te reo ā-waha, e taea ai e te mokopuna te pānui, te tātaki kupu, te whakaputa reo hoki, mā te mōhio ki te ara e puta ai ngā oro me te ara e hua mai ai ngā kupu i ngā oro.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

• ki ētahi kupu whānui e uaua ana ngā pūruatanga
• ka whai pānga te hā ki te tikanga
• ka whakaaweawe ngā tohu āpiti (hei tauira, ngā rārangi, ngā ira, ngā rārangi kōpikopiko) i te āhua o te whakahuanga o te oro, ā, ka pā hoki ērā ki te tikanga i ōna wā.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakahua me te whakapuaki tika i te kōrero i te nuinga o te wā, mā te whakamahi tika i te hā me ōna mōhiotanga ki ngā tohu āpiti.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Kupu

Ko te mōhiotanga kupu tētahi o ngā āhuatanga ka noho hei tūāpapa matua o te ako i tētahi reo. E whanake ai te mokopuna ki tētahi taumata matatau ki te whakarongo rānei, ki te kōrero rānei, ki te pānui rānei, ki te tuhituhi rānei, me mātua mōhio ia ki tētahi kohinga kupu waiwai.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

• ki ētahi kupu e rite tonu nei te haere tahi i te reo e ākona ana
• ki ngā kupu e hāngai ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā me ngā horopaki e taunga ana
• ki ētahi kupu kāore e auau ana, e hāngai ana ki ngā horopaki whakaako (tae atu ki ngā kupu pūhui, ki ngā kupu pū-tini rānei)
• ki ētahi tūkē e hāngai ana ki ngā horopaki whakaako
• ki ngā whānau kupu (ngā mea e ahu mai ana i te kupu kotahi, i te tauira kotahi rānei)
• ki ētahi kupu piritahi e hāngai ana ki ngā horopaki whakaako
• ki ngā rautaki ako kupu hou, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te whakamahi i te papakupu me te papakupu taurite
  • ngā tukutuku kupu hei tautohu i ngā kupu whai pānga (hei tauira, te wera, te makariri, te mahana, te pāmahana)
  • ngā whānau kupu (hei tauira, te āwhina, te kaiwāhina, te āwhinatia, te whai hua).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki tētahi puna kupu kua whakawhānuitia e hāngai ana ki ngā horopaki whakaako, pēnei i ngā ngohe ahurea, i ngā hākinakina, i ngā hararei, i ngā wāhi ā-rohe, me ngā tūāhua matua; me tana mōhio ki te whakamahi i taua puna kupu 
• ki te whakamahi i ngā momo rautaki whānui hei whakawhānui ake i tana puna kupu 
• ki te whakamahi i ngā papakupu taurite, i ētahi atu rauemi rānei, e kitea ai he kupu kē (ngā kupu taurite, ngā kupu taurite-tata, me ngā kupu tauaro)
• ki te whakamahi i ngā kupu taurite-tata hei tuku whakaaro ki te kore ia e mōhio ki te kupu e tika pū ana.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Wetereo

E hāngai ana te mōhiotanga wetereo (tae atu ki te tātaikupu me ngā momo kupu) ki te whai māramatanga ki te takoto o te reo e ākona ana. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga e mārama ai, e kaha ai hoki te mokopuna ki te whakaputa i ngā whakawhitinga kōrero whai tikanga.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna: 

Te tātaikupu

• ki ngā hanga rerepūhui
• ki te pānga o te horopaki ōkawa, o te horopaki ōpaki rānei, ki ētahi hanga o te reo.

Ngā momo kupu

• ki ngā kupu kōiwi, ki ngā hanga rānei (hei tauira, ngā pūhono, ngā pūtohu, ngā tūpou, ngā wāmahi, ngā kupuhono).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki ngā hanga pūhui me tana mōhio ki te whakamahi i ērā
• ki te paremata — ki te rapu ara anō hei whakapuaki i tētahi kōrero
• ki te whakakapi kupu i ngā tauira rerenga e mōhiotia ana hei whakawhānui i te tikanga
• ki te aroturuki i āna anō kōrero, me te whakatika i ōna anō hapai ngā takotoranga e mōhiotia ana.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Tikanga Tuhi

Ko te mōhiotanga tikanga tuhi, ko te whai māramatanga ki te takoto ā-tuhi o tētahi reo, tae atu ki te mōhio ki te arapū, ki te tuhi ā-ringa, ki te tātaki kupu, me ngā kārawarawa. Ka āwhina tēnei i te mokopuna ki te pānui me te tuhi i te reo e ākona ana.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna: 

Te tuhi ā-ringa

• ki ngā tohu āpiti
• ki ngā hanganga o te pūtohu me te raupapatanga o ngā tānga (ngā reo waitohu).

Te tātaki kupu

• ki ngā tātakinga tuatini ake.

Ngā kārawarawa

• ki ngā tikanga kārawarawa.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whai i ngā tikanga me ngā ture o te reo ā-tuhi e mārama ai ngā tuhituhinga i te nuinga o te wā
• ki te wehewehe i ngā waehanga o tētahi pūtohu me ngā pūtohu ataata e āhua ōrite ana (ngā reo waitohu)
• ki te whai kia tika te tātakinga o ngā kupu kāore e mōhiotia ana.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Tikanga Reo

Ko te mōhiotanga tikanga reo, ko te whai māramatanga ki ngā kupu me te āhua e mahi tahi ai ngā kupu i te horopaki. Mā reira e whai māramatanga ai te mokopuna ki tāna e kite ai, e rongo ai, e pānui ai, mā tēnei hoki e kaha ai tana whakapuaki i ana whakaaro kia mārama, ka tuhi ana, ka kōrero ana, ka whakaatu ana hoki ia.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna: 

Te reo torohū

• ki ngā rautaki aroā whakarongo me ngā rautaki aroā pānui, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te āta whakarongo ki ngā kupu matua
  • te whakamahi i ngā tātainga whakaahua e hopukina ai, e mārama ai hoki ngā whakaaro matua
  • te tono kia tāruatia ētahi kupu whāiti, ētahi kīanga rānei kāore e mārama ana
  • te hīkaro
  • te pānui ripiripi e mau ai te ngako
  • te miramira i ngā kupu matua
  • te whakapae i runga i te horopaki
  • te mātai i te reo ā-tinana me ētahi atu āhuatanga whakawhiti kōrero kupu-kore (hei tauira, te hā, te haureo, te hāpiki/hāheke, te kahaoro).

Te reo whakaputa

• ki ngā rautaki kōrero me ngā rautaki tuhituhi, pēnei i ēnei:
  • te tārua
  • te whakapuaki anō
  • te whakamatua, te whakaaro, te kōrero
  • te whakamahi i ngā kupu taurite, i ngā kupu taurite-tata rānei, mō tētahi kupu kāore i te mōhiotia
  • te whakaamio ki te kore ia e tino mōhio ki tētahi kupu.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki ētahi kōrero ā-waha, ā-tuhi rānei e pā ana ki ētahi kaupapa ka taea te matapae; me tana mōhio ki whakaputa i aua momo kōrero, tae atu ki ēnei e whai nei:
  • te kōrero i ngā meka
  • te taki i ngā tūāhua
  • te whakaahua i ngā wāhi, i ngā kare ā-roto, me te taiao
  • te tuku tono māmā
  • te kōrero i ngā mahi auau o ia rā
• ki te whakamahi i ngā momo rautaki aroā whānui e whai māramatanga ai ia i ngā kōrero ā-waha, ā-tuhi, ā-ataata hoki
• ki te whakamahi i ngā momo rautaki whānui e puta ai he tuhinga whai tikanga, me te kōtui atu i ētahi taipitopito whāiti ki aua tuhinga
• ki te whakamahi i ngā momo rautaki whānui hei whakamārama i ōna whakaaro, e mārama ai tētahi atu ki a ia, i a ia e urupare ana i ngā pātai, i ngā tauākī rānei; i a ia e tuku ana rānei i ngā pārongo ngāwari (engari me whai tautoko tonu pea).

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Ahureo

Mā te mōhiotanga ahureo e taea ai e te mokopuna te whakarite tūhononga i waenganui i ngā reo, mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga o te reo Māori, o te reo Pākehā, o reo kē atu rānei e mōhiotia ana (hei tauira, te NZSL, tētahi atu reo taketake, me te reo ā-kāinga), hei tautoko, hei whakatere hoki i tana ako i tētahi atu reo. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te whiringa hirikapo — te whakaaro ki te āhua o ngā mahi o roto i te reo me ngā ara ako e taea ai e te mokopuna ngā rautaki te āta whakamahi.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna: 

Te whakawhiti

• ka taea te whakawhiti ētahi reo, ētahi huatau hoki, i te reo Māori ki te reo e ākona ana, me te hurirapa hoki o tērā.

Te whiringa hirikapo

• he āwhina kei roto i te huritao i te āhua o ngā mahi o roto i te reo hei tautoko i te ako i te reo e ākona ana

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakawhiti/whakamāori i ngā kupu, i ngā kīanga, me te reo o ia rā i te reo Māori, i te reo Pākehā rānei, ki te reo e ākona ana, me te hurirapa hoki o tērā
• ki te matapaki i te whai hua o ngā rautaki ako ka whakamahia e ia
• ki te matapaki i te āhua o ngā mahi o roto i ia reo, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga e āhua ōrite ana me ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i te reo e ākona ana me ētahi atu reo (hei tauira, te hā, te haureo, ngā kupu, te raupapatanga o te kupu).

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Aropori

Ko te mōhiotanga aropori te tūāpapa o te pāhekoheko tika atu ki ētahi atu i te whānuitanga o ngā momo horopaki. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te mōhio ki ngā kōrero me puta, te āhua o te whakaputaina, tae atu ki te pānga o ērā ki ētahi atu. E mātuatua ana ēnei akoranga e tika ai te whai wāhi a te mokopuna ki tētahi hapori reo.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna: 

Ngā ture o te kōrerorero

• ki te reo e tika ana me ngā rautaki e tika ana mō ngā mahi e whai nei:
  • te tuku i ngā pārongo e matapaetia ana
  • te whakaahua i ngā tūāhua, i ngā tāngata, me ngā hanga
  • te whakaputa maharatanga ki ngā tūāhua me ngā mahi
  • te whakaahua i te wāhi kei reira rā te tangata, te wāhi me ngā mea
  • te tīmata, te tōroa, te whakatepe rānei i tētahi whakawhitinga kōrero poto (hei tauira, te tuku i tētahi pātai, te mātakitaki rānei e tīmata ai tētahi whakawhitinga kōrero, te tono i ngā whakaaro o ētahi atu hei tōroa i tētahi whakawhitinga kōrero, te whakamahi rānei i ngā tīwhiri kupu-kore, i ngā tauākī mihi rānei hei whakatepe i tētahi whakawhitinga kōrero).

Te aro ki tirohanga kē

• ka whanake tōna tūoho ahurea i te ako i tētahi reo anō
• ki te reo tika me ngā rautaki tika hei whakamārama i ngā whakapono, i ngā whakaaro, i ngā whakaaetanga me ngā whakahēnga.

Ngā āheinga reo

• ki te reo e tika ana mō ngā mahi e whai nei:
  • te whakaahua
  • te whakapuaki whakaaro
  • te tuku me te whai i ngā ahunga
  • te mihi ki ētahi atu.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whai wāhi atu ki ngā pāhekoheko poto, kia tika, i ngā horopaki e taunga ana, e whai tikanga ana hoki, mā te whakamahi i ngā kīanga e manawa popore ana, e hāngai ana hoki. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei ngā wā e whakapuakina ai ngā mea e paingia ana, ngā mea rānei kāore e paingia ana, te whakapuaki whakaaro, te whakaae, te whakahē, me te whakamārama i ngā whakapono
• ki te whai i tētahi anga e whai wāhi atu ai ia ki tētahi matapakinga
• ki te whakamahi i ngā mahi ā-tinana ahurea e whāiti ana (hei tauira, te tuohu, te harirū) i ngā horopaki motuhenga.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Kōrero Ā-waha, Ā-tuhi

Ko te mōhiotanga kōrero ā-waha, ā-tuhi te māramatanga ki te āhua o te takoto o ngā kōrero, ki te whakamahinga hoki o aua kōrero mō ngā momo take, i mua i ngā momo minenga, e puta ai hoki ngā momo pānga. Ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te mōhio ki te pūtake o te kōrero, ki te takoto o te kōrero, ki te momo kōrero hoki.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Te pūtake o te kōrero

• ki ngā pūtake o ngā kōrero ōkawa, me ngā kōrero ōpaki, me ngā hanga reo, tae atu ki ngā hanga whakaute o te reo me ngā kīanga
• ki ngā pūtake o te reo peha, tae atu ki te whakamahia o te reo huahuatau me ngā kīrehu.

Te takoto o te kōrero

• ki ngā hanga māmā, e tika ana i runga i te momo kōrero me te pūtake
• ki te whakatakotoranga (ngā kōwae, ngā whiti, ētahi atu āhuatanga rānei e hāngai ana ki te takotoranga o te reo e ākona ana).

Te momo kōrero

• ki ngā reta, ki ngā īmēra, ki ngā pātuhi
• ki ngā whakamārama poto (hei tauira, tētahi tikanga ahurea, tētahi ture)
• ki ngā tohutohu (hei tauira, te tuku tohutohu e tutuki ai tētahi mahi)
• ki ngā kōrero ahurea, ki ngā kōrero rānei e kōrerotia ai te ahurea
• ki ngā momo kōrero o te reo peha (hei tauira, ngā waiata, ngā ruri, ngā whakataukī).

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te tātari me te whakamārama i te pūtake me ngā āhuatanga o ngā kōrero whāiti o te ahurea, tae atu ki ngā kīrehu, me ngā hanga whakaute hei tuku mihi, me tana mōhio ki te whakamahi i aua āhuatanga i āna ake tuhinga, i āna ake kōrero rānei.

Te Mōhiotanga

Te Mōhiotanga Mātākōrero

Mā te mōhiotanga mātākōrero e kaha ai te mokopuna ki te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga reo e puta ai te auahatanga, e hōhonu ake ai hoki te whakawhitinga kōrero. I Ngā Reo, ka whai wāhi ki tēnei te whai māramatanga ki ngā hanga kōrero ahurea, ki ngā huānga hoki e puta ai tētahi wairua, e whai tikanga ai hoki te reo e ākona ana, e tautokona ai anō hoki te pāhekoheko i te ahurea e ākona ana, kia whai tikanga.

Ka mōhio te mokopuna:  

Ngā hanga kōrero ahurea

• ka ahuahutia te reo e ākona ana e te ahurea, ā, he takotoranga paki taketake ōna e whakaata ana i te ahurea.

Ngā āhuatanga reo

• ki ngā tikanga auaha (hei tauira, te tāruarua, te ororite, te huahuatau me te kupu whakarite, te manawataki, te huarite)
• ki te reo whakaahua hei tuhi, hei tito rānei i tētahi kōrero e whakaahua ana i ngā tāngata, i ngā wāhi, me ngā tūāhua e pohewatia ana
• ki ngā āhuatanga whāiti hei whakarākei i te kōrero auaha, pēnei i ēnei;
  • te reo peha
  • te whakaahua
  • te manawataki
  • te tāruarua
  • te hā, te haureo, te hāpiki/hāheke
  • ngā kīrehu, ngā kīwaha, me ngā tohutoro ahurea
  • ngā kōwhiringa kupu.

Ka whakaatu te mokopuna i tōna mōhio:

• ki te whakatairite me te whakatauaro i ngā kōrero hei arotake i te hāngai me te whai hua
• ki te whakamahi auaha i te reo e ākona ana hei whakapuaki i te tuakiri whaiaro
• ki te tito i tētahi kōrero auaha e poto ana, mā te whakamahi i te whakataukī, i te manawataki, me te tāruarua.